Zig-zag Al nanostructures were fabricated on the glass and steel using thermal evaporation technique. The structural, morphology and electrical properties of Al thin films were studied by using AFM, FESEM and fourpoint probe instrument. FESEM analysis showed that the grains are distributed on the zig-zag Al-glass and their shape is polygonal while the grains on the zig-zag Alsteel surface have a non-uniform distribution and the shape of the grains is oval. AFM analysis indicated the surface roughness of zig-zag Al-steel nanostructures is more than the zig-zag Al-glass. Moreover, the wrinkles on the zig-zag Al-steel and the small protuberances on the zig-zag Al-glass observed. The anisotropy of electrical was performed in two perpendicular directions x and y of the samples surface. The average electrical resistivity of the zig-zag Al films on glass and steel produced were obtained about 4. 69×10-8 and 5. 85×10-8 Ω . m, respectively. Simulation results by the perturbation method agree with the experimental results.

In this paper, molecular interactions in the binary mixtures composed of a xylene and selected 1-alkanol (1-butanol up to 1-octanol) were investigated by measurement of the density at T= 323.15 K. From the experimental data, excess molar volumes were calculated. Obtained data were interpreted based on the type and magnitude of the physico-chemical interactions in the binary liquid systems. In this sense, PC-SAFT was used to correlate the volumetric behavior of binary mixtures. The correlated values of the model were satisfactory and the obtained data are within the uncertainty region.

In this paper the thermal behavior of the shell-side show of a shell-and-tufe heat exchanger has been studied using theoretical and experimental methods. The experimental method Provided the effect of the major parameters of the shell-side flow on thermal energy exchange. In the numerical method, besides the effect of the major parameters, the effect of different geometric parameters and Re on thermal energy exchange in shell-side flow has been considered. Numerical analysis for six baffle spacing namely 0.20, 0.25, 0.33, 0.50, 0.66, and 1.0 of inside diameter of the shell and five baffle cuts namely 16%, 20%, 25%, 34%, and 46% of baffle diameter, have been carried out. In earlier numerical analyses, the repetition of an identical geometrical module of exchanger as a calculation domain has been studied. While in this work, as a new approach in current numerical analysis, the entire geometry of shell-and-tube heat exchanger including entrance and exit regions as a calculation domain has been chosen. The results show that the flow and heat profiles vary alternatively between baffles. A shell-and-tube heat exchanger of gas-liquid chemical reactor system has been used in the experimental method. Comparison of the numerical results show good agreement with experimental results of this research and other published experimental results over a wide range of Reynolds numbers (1,000-1,000,000).

The interaction between a halogen atom and an electron-rich species is known as halogen bonding. Due to its importance in numerous scientific domains, including materials science, drug design, and others, it has attracted considerable interest. Halogen bonding interactions are investigated using experimental characterization methods such X-ray crystallography, NMR spectroscopy, and vibrational spectroscopy. Halogen bonding interactions are also studied theoretically using techniques like quantum mechanical topology (QMT), molecular dynamics simulations, and density functional theory (DFT). Understanding the nature of halogen bonding and its applications in diverse sectors holds great potential for the combination of experimental and theoretical methodologies. This article provides a succinct assessment of different methods for characterizing halogen bonding, emphasizing their significance in deepening our understanding of halogen bonding and its uses in a variety of fields.

The present study attempted deriving and solving the falling- cylinder governing equations for power law model non-Newtonian fluids. Based on this theoretical study, a novel falling- cylinder rheometer (FCR) was designed and constructed to measure the rheological properties of non-Newtonian fluids. Different falling cylinders with predesigned densities were used to determine the apparent viscosity of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) solutions in water with various concentrations. The results indicate that all PVA solutions obey the power law model with the power law index as well as the consistency index changing linearly with concentration. Increasing concentration of the solution decreases power law index, while enhances consistency index and apparent viscosity.